# phpMyAdmin 2.2.3 Documentation

- Official phpMyAdmin project homepage [ http://www.phpwizard.net/projects/phpMyAdmin/ ]
- Sourceforge phpMyAdmin download page [ http://phpmyadmin.sourceforge.net/ ]
- Local documents:
  - Version history: ChangeLog
  - General notes: README
  - License: LICENSE
- Documentation version: $Id: Documentation.html,v 1.122 2002/01/06 19:04:25 lem9 Exp $

Top - Requirements - Introduction - Installation - Configuration - FAQ - Developers - Credits

## Requirements

- PHP3 or PHP4: phpMyAdmin widely uses the 'str_replace()' php function that was added in PHP 3.0.6, but was buggy up until PHP 3.0.8. Then you should not run this script with PHP3 < 3.0.8.
  PHP also needs to be compiled with MySQL support;
- MySQL (tested with 3.21.x, 3.22.x and 3.23.x);
- a web-browser (doh!).

Top - Requirements - Introduction - Installation - Configuration - FAQ - Developers - Credits

## Introduction

phpMyAdmin can manage a whole MySQL-server (needs a super-user) but also a single database. To accomplish the latter you'll need a properly set up MySQL-user who can read/write only the desired database. It's up to you to look up the appropriate part in the MySQL manual. Currently phpMyAdmin can:

- create and drop databases
- create, copy, drop and alter tables
- delete, edit and add fields
- execute any SQL-statement, even batch-queries
- manage keys on fields
- load text files into tables
- create (*) and read dumps of tables
- export (*) and import data to CSV values
- administer multiple servers and single databases
- communicate in more than 20 different languages

(*) | phpMyAdmin can compress (Zip, GZip -RFC 1952- or Bzip2 formats) dumps and CSV exports if you use PHP4 >= 4.0.4 with Zlib support (`--with-zlib`) and/or Bzip2 support (`--with-bz2`).

Top - Requirements - Introduction - Installation - Configuration - FAQ - Developers - Credits

## Installation

NOTE: phpMyAdmin does not apply any special security methods to the MySQL database server. It is still the sysadmin's job to grant permissions on the MySQL databases properly.

Warning for Mac users: php seems not to like Mac end of lines character ("`\r`") and Stuffit unstuffs with Mac formats, of course.
So you'll have to resave as in Bbedit to unix style ALL phpMyAdmin scripts before uploading them to your server.

Quick Install:

1. Untar or unzip the distribution (be sure to unzip the subdirectories): `tar xzvf phpMyAdmin_x.x.x.tar.gz`
2. Open the file config.inc.php3 in your favourite editor and change the values for host, user and password to fit your environment. Have a look at Configuration section for an explanation of all values.
3. It is recommended that you protect the directory in which you installed phpMyAdmin (unless it's on a closed intranet, or you wish to use http or cookie authentication), for example with HTTP-AUTH (in a .htaccess file). See the FAQ section for additional information.
4. Open the file <www.your-host.com>/<your-install-dir>/index.php3 in your browser. phpMyAdmin should now display a welcome screen and your databases, or a login dialog if using http or cookie authentication mode.

Upgrading from an older version:

- Please do not copy your older config.inc.php3 over the new one: it may offer new configuration variables, and the new version may depend on these for normal behavior. It is suggested instead to insert your site values in the new one.

Using authentication modes:

- Http and cookie authentication modes are recommended in a multi-user environment where you want to give users access to their own database and don't want them to play around with others.
- Http and cookie authentication modes are secure: the MySQL password does not need to be set in the phpMyAdmin configuration file. (except for the "standard user" -see the Configuration section-).
  In cookie mode, we send the password in a temporary cookie, so most browsers should not store the password in their cookie file.
- For 'http' and 'cookie' modes, phpMyAdmin needs a stduser that has only the `SELECT` privilege on the mysql.user (all columns except "Password"), mysql.db (all columns) & mysql.tables_priv (all columns except "Grantor" & "Timestamp") tables.
  You must specify the details for the stduser in the config.inc.php3 file under the `$cfgServers[n]['stduser']` & `$cfgServers[n]['stdpass']` settings.
  To create the control account (`<stduser>` and `<stdpass>` have to be replaced by your own values, of course):

  | `GRANT USAGE ON mysql.* TO '<stduser>'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '<stdpass>';` `GRANT SELECT (Host, User, Select_priv, Insert_priv, Update_priv, Delete_priv, Create_priv, Drop_priv, Reload_priv, Shutdown_priv, Process_priv, File_priv, Grant_priv, References_priv, Index_priv, Alter_priv) ON mysql.user TO '<stduser>'@'localhost';` `GRANT SELECT ON mysql.db TO '<stduser>'@'localhost';` `GRANT SELECT (Host, Db, User, Table_name, Table_priv, Column_priv) ON mysql.tables_priv TO '<stduser>'@'localhost';`
  ... and if you want to use the bookmark feature:
  | `GRANT SELECT, INSERT, DELETE ON <bookmark_db>.<bookmark_table> TO '<stduser>'@'localhost';`

- Then each of the true users should be granted of a set of privileges on a set of perticular databases but shouldn't have any global privileges. For example, to grant the user real_user with all privileges on the database user_base:
  `GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON user_base.* TO 'real_user'@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'real_password';`
  What the user may now do is controlled entirely by the MySQL user management system.
  With http or cookie auth mode, you don't need to fill the user/password fields inside the `$cfgServers` array.

'http' authentication mode:

- Was called 'advanced' in versions before 2.2.3.
- Introduced in 1.3.0, it uses Basic HTTP authentication method and allows you to login as any valid MySQL user.
- Is only supported with PHP running as an Apache module, not with cgi.

'cookie' authentication mode:

- You can use this method as a replacement for the http authentication (for example, if you're running IIS).
- Obviously, the user must enable cookies in the browser.
- With this mode, the use can truly logout of phpMyAdmin and login back with the same username.

'config' authentication mode:

- This mode is the less secure one because it requires you to fill the `$cfgServers[n]['user']` and `$cfgServers[n]['password']` fields.
  But usually you don't need to setup a "standard user" here: using the `$cfgServers[n]['only_db']` might be enough.
  In the ISP FAQ section, there is an entry explaining how to protect your configuration file.

Top - Requirements - Introduction - Installation - Configuration - FAQ - Developers - Credits

## Configuration

Warning for Mac users: php seems not to like Mac end of lines character ("`\r`"). So ensure you choose the option that allows to use the *nix end of line character ("`\n`") in your text editor before registering a script you have modified.

All configurable data is placed in config.inc.php3.

$cfgPmaAbsoluteUri string
  Sets here the complete url (with full path) to your phpMyAdmin version. E.g. `http://www.your_web.net/path_to_your_phpMyAdmin_directory/`.
  Don't forget the slash at the end of your url.
$cfgServers array
  Since version 1.4.2, phpMyAdmin supports the administration of multiple MySQL servers. Therefore, a $cfgServers-array has been added which contains the login information for the different servers. `$cfgServers[1]['host']` contains the hostname of the first server, `$cfgServers[2]['host']` the hostname of the second server, etc. If you have only one server to administer, simply leave free the hostname of the other $cfgServer-entries.
$cfgServers[n]['host'] string
  The hostname of your n-th MySQL-server. E.g. localhost.
$cfgServers[n]['port'] string
  The port-number of your n-th MySQL-server. Default is 3306 (leave blank).
$cfgServers[n]['socket'] string
  The path to the socket to use. Leave blank for default.
  To use the socket feature you must run php 3.0.10 or more.
$cfgServers[n]['connect_type'] string
  What type connection to use with the MySQL server. Your options are 'socket' & 'tcp'. It defaults to 'tcp' as that is nearly guarenteed to be available on all MySQL servers, while sockets are not supported on some platforms.
$cfgServers[n]['stduser'] string
$cfgServers[n]['stdpass'] string
  When using http or cookie authentication modes (or 'config' authentication mode since phpMyAdmin 2.2.1), you need to supply the details of a MySQL account that has `SELECT` privilege on the mysql.user (all columns except "Password"), mysql.db (all columns) & mysql.tables_priv (all columns except "Grantor" & "Timestamp") tables. This account is used to check what databases the user will see at login.
  Please see the install section on "Using http authentication" for more information.
  Note that if you try login to phpMyAdmin with this "stduser", you could get some errors, depending the exact privileges you gave to the "stduser". phpMyAdmin does not support a direct login with the "stduser".
$cfgServers[n]['auth_type'] string `['http'|'cookie'|'config']`
  Whether config or cookie or http authentication should be used for this server.
  - 'config' authentication (`$auth_type = 'config'`) is the plain old way: username and password are stored in config.inc.php3.
  - 'cookie' authentication mode (`$auth_type = 'cookie'`) as introduced in 2.2.3 allows you to log in as any valid MySQL user with the help of... cookies. Log name and password are stored in cookies during the session and password is deleted when it ends.
  - 'http' authentication (was called 'advanced' in older versions) (`$auth_type = 'http'`) as introduced in 1.3.0 allows you to log in as any valid MySQL user via HTTP-Auth.
  Please see the install section on "Using authentication modes" for more information.
$cfgServers[n]['user'] string
$cfgServers[n]['password'] string
  The user/password-pair which phpMyAdmin will use to connect to this MySQL-server. The password is not needed when http or cookie authentication is used, and should be empty.
$cfgServers[n]['only_db'] string or array
  If set to a(an array of) database name(s), only this(these) database(s) will be shown to the user. Since phpMyAdmin 2.2.1, this/these database(s) name(s) may contain MySQL wilcards characters ("_" and "%"): if you want to use literal instances of these characters, escape them (ie use `'my\_db'` and not `'my_db'`).
  This setting is an efficient way to lower the server charge since the latter does not need to send MySQL requests to build the available database list. But it does not replace the privileges rules of the MySQL database server. If set, it just means only these databases will be displayed but not at all other databases can't be used.
$cfgServers[n]['verbose'] string
  Only useful when using phpMyAdmin with multiple server entries. If set, this string will be displayed instead of the hostname in the pulldown menu on the main page. This can be useful if you want to show only certain databases on your system, for example.
$cfgServers[n]['bookmarkdb'] string
$cfgServers[n]['bookmarktable'] string
  Since release 2.2.0 phpMyAdmin allows to bookmark queries. This can be useful for queries you often run.
  To use this functionality you have to:
  - create a table following this scheme:
    `CREATE TABLE bookmark (
    id int(11) DEFAULT '0' NOT NULL auto_increment,
    dbase varchar(255) NOT NULL,
    user varchar(255) NOT NULL,
    label varchar(255) NOT NULL,
    query text NOT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (id)
    );`
  - then complete the two variables `$cfgServers[n]['bookmarkdb']` and `$cfgServers[n]['bookmarktable']` with the database and table names you've choosen so phpMyAdmin will be able to find the bookmarks.
  Note that `stduser` must have `SELECT`, `INSERT` and `DELETE` privileges on the bookmark table. Here is a query to set up those privileges:
  `GRANT SELECT,INSERT,DELETE ON <bookmarkdb>.<bookmarktable> to 'stduser'@localhost;`
$cfgServerDefault integer
  If you have more than one server configured, you can set $cfgServerDefault to any one of them to autoconnect to that server when phpMyAdmin is started, or set it to 0 to be given a list of servers without logging in.
  If you have only one server configured, `$cfgServerDefault` MUST be set to that server.
$cfgOBGzip boolean
  Defines whether to use gzip output buffering for increased speed in HTTP transfers.
$cfgPersistentConnections boolean
  Whether persistent connections should be used or not (mysql_connect or mysql_pconnect).
$cfgExecTimeLimit integer [number of seconds]
  Set the number of seconds a script is allowed to run. If seconds is set to zero, no time limit is imposed.
  This setting is used while importing/exporting dump files but has no effect when PHP is running in safe mode.
$cfgSkipLockedTables boolean
  Mark used tables and make it possible to show databases with locked tables (since 3.23.30).
$cfgShowSQL boolean
  Defines whether sql-queries generated by phpMyAdmin should be displayed or not.
$cfgAllowUserDropDatabase boolean
  Defines whether standard users (non administrator) are allowed to delete their own database or not. If set as FALSE, the link "Drop Database" will not be shown, and even a "DROP DATABASE mydatabase" will be rejected. Quite practical for ISP's with many customers.
$cfgConfirm boolean
  Whether a warning ("Are your really sure..") should be displayed when you're about to loose data.
$cfgShowTooltip boolean
  Defines whether to display table comment as tooltip in left frame or not.
$cfgShowMysqlInfo boolean
$cfgShowMysqlVars boolean
$cfgShowPhpInfo boolean
  Defines whether to display the "MySQL runtime information", "MySQL system variables" and "PHP information" links or not for simple users at the starting main (right) frame. This setting does not check MySQL commands entered directly.
  Please note that to block the usage of phpinfo() in scripts, you have to put this in your php.ini:
  `disable_functions = phpinfo()`
$cfgShowStats boolean
  Defines whether to display space usage and statistics about databases and tables or not.
  Note that statistics requires at least MySQL 3.23.3 and that, at this date, MySQL doesn't return such information for Berkeley DB tables.
$cfgShowBlob boolean
  Defines whether `BLOB` fields are shown when browsing a table's content or not.
$cfgNavigationBarIconic boolean
  Defines whether navigation bar buttons contain text or symbols only.
$cfgShowAll boolean
  Defines whether an user should be displayed a "show all (records)" button in browse mode or not.
$cfgMaxRows integer
  Number of rows displayed when browsing a resultset. If the resultset contains more rows, Previous/Next links will be shown.
$cfgOrder string [`DESC`|`ASC`|`SMART`]
  Defines whether fields are displayed in ascending (`ASC`) order, in descending (`DESC`) order or in a "smart" (`SMART`) order -ie descending order for fields of type TIME, DATE, DATETIME & TIMESTAMP, ascending order else- by default.
$cfgProtectBinary boolean
  Defines whether `BLOB` or `BINARY` fields are protected from edition when browsing a table's content or not. Valid values are:
  - `FALSE` to allow edition of all fields;
  - `blob` to allow edition of all fields except `BLOBS`;
  - `all` to disallow edition of all `BINARY` or `BLOB` fields.
$cfgZipDump boolean
$cfgGZipDump boolean
$cfgBZipDump boolean
  Defines whether to allow the use of zip/gzip/bzip compression when creating a dump file or not.
$cfgManualBaseShort string
  If set to an URL which points to the MySQL documentation (on short pages), appropriate help links are generated.
$cfgDefaultLang string
  Defines the default language to use, if not browser-defined or user-defined.
  See the select_lang.inc.php3 script to know the valid values for this setting.
$cfgLang string
  Force: always use this language (must be defined in the select_lang.inc.php3 script).
$cfgLeftWidth integer
  Left frame width in pixel.
$cfgLeftBgColor string [HTML color]
$cfgRightBgColor string [HTML color]
  The background colors (HTML) used for both the frames.
$cfgLeftPointerColor string [HTML color]
  The color (HTML) used for the pointer in the left frame (does not work with NS4).
$cfgBorder integer
  The size of a table's border.
$cfgThBgcolor string [HTML color]
  The color (HTML) used for table headers.
$cfgBgcolorOne string [HTML color]
  The color (HTML) #1 for table rows.
$cfgBgcolorTwo string [HTML color]
  The color (HTML) #2 for table rows.
$cfgBrowsePointerColor string [HTML color]
  The color (HTML) used for the pointer in browse mode (does not work with NS4).
$cfgTextareaCols integer
$cfgTextareaRows integer
  Number of columns and rows for the textareas.
$cfgLimitChars integer
  Maximal number of Chars showed in a `TEXT` OR a `BLOB` field on browse view. Can be turned off by a toggle button on the browse page.
$cfgModifyDeleteAtLeft boolean
$cfgModifyDeleteAtRight boolean
  Defines the place where modify and delete links would be put when tables contents are displayed (you may have them displayed both at the left and at the right). "Left" and "right" are parsed as "top" and "bottom" with vertical display mode.
$cfgDefaultDisplay string
  There are 2 display modes: horizontal and vertical. Define which one is displayed by default.
$cfgRepeatCells integer
  Repeat the headers every X cells, or 0 to deactivate.
$cfgColumnTypes array
  All possible types of a MySQL column. In most cases you don't need to edit this.
$cfgAttributeTypes array
  Possible attributes for fields. In most cases you don't need to edit this.
$cfgFunctions array
  A list of functions MySQL supports. In most cases you don't need to edit this.

Top - Requirements - Introduction - Installation - Configuration - FAQ - Developers - Credits

## FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions

### [Server]

I'm running php 4+ and my server is crashing each time a specific action is required or phpMyAdmin sends a blank page or a page full of cryptic characters to my browser, what can I do?
There are some known php bugs with output buffering and compression.
Try to set the `$cfgOBGzip` directive to `FALSE` in your config.inc.php or .php3 file and the `zlib.output_compression` directive to `Off` in your php configuration file.

My Apache server crashes when using phpMyAdmin.
You should first try the latest versions of Apache (and possibly MySQL).
See also the other FAQ entry about php bugs with output buffering.
If your server keeps crashing, please ask for help in the various Apache support groups.

Using phpMyAdmin on IIS, I'm displayed the error message: "The specified CGI application misbehaved by not returning a complete set of HTTP headers...."
You just forgot to read the install.txt file from the php distribution. Have a look at the last message in this bug report from the official php bug database.

Using phpMyAdmin on IIS, I'm facing crashes and/or many error messages with the http or advanced authentication mode.
This is a known problem with the php ISAPI filter: it's not so stable. For some more information and complete testings see the messages posted by André B. aka "djdeluxe76" in this thread from the phpWizard forum.
Please use instead the cookie authentication mode.

I can't use phpMyAdmin on PWS: nothing is displayed!
This seems to be a PWS bug. Filippo Simoncini found a workaroud (at this time there is no better fix): remove or comment the `DOCTYPE` declarations (3 lines) from the scripts header.inc.php3, index.php3, left.php3 and libraries/common.lib.php3.

How can I GZip or Bzip a dump or a CSV export. It seems to not work?
These features are based on the `gzencode()` and `bzcompress()` php functions to be more independent of the platform (Unix/Windows, Safe Mode or not, and so on). So, you must have PHP4 >= 4.0.4 and Zlib/Bzip2 support (`--with-zlib` and `--with-bz2`).

I cannot insert a text file in a table, and I get an error about safe mode being in effect.
Your uploaded file is saved by PHP in the "upload dir", as defined in php.ini by the variable `upload_tmp_dir` (usually the system default is /tmp).
We recommend the following setup for Apache servers running in safe mode, to enable uploads of files while being reasonably secure:

- create a separate directory for uploads: `mkdir /tmp/php`
- give ownership to the Apache server's user.group: `chown apache.apache /tmp/php`
- give proper permission: `chmod 600 /tmp/php`
- put `upload_tmp_dir = /tmp/php` in php.ini
- restart Apache

I'm having troubles when uploading files. In general file uploads don't work on my system and uploaded files have a `Content-Type:` header in the first line.
It's not really phpMyAdmin related but RedHat 7.0. You have a RedHat 7.0 and you updated your php rpm to php-4.0.4pl1-3.i386.rpm, didn't you?
So the problem is that this package has a serious bug that was corrected ages ago in php (2001-01-28: see php's bug tracking system for more details). The problem is that the bugged package is still available though it was corrected (see redhat's bugzilla for more details).
So please download the fixed package and the problem should go away.
And that fixes the \r\n problem with file uploads!

I'm having troubles when uploading files with phpMyAdmin running on a secure server. My browser is Internet Explorer and I'm using the Apache server.
As suggested by "Rob M" in the phpWizard forum, add this line to your httpd.conf:
`SetEnvIf User-Agent ".*MSIE.*" nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown`
It seems to clear up many problems between IE and SSL.

### [Configuration]

The error message "Warning: Cannot add header information - headers already sent by ..." is displayed, what's the problem?
Edit your config.inc.php or .php3 file and ensure there is nothing (ie no blank lines, no spaces, no characters...) neither before the `<?php` tag at the beginning, neither after the `?>` tag at the end.

phpMyAdmin can't connect to MySQL. What's wrong?
Either there is an error with your PHP setup or your username/password is wrong. Try to make a small script which uses mysql_connect and see if it works. If it doesn't, it may be you haven't even compiled MySQL support into PHP.

The error message "Warning: MySQL Connection Failed: Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (111)...") is displayed. What can I do?
Here is a fix suggested by Brad Ummer in the phpwizard forum:

- First, you need to determine what socket is being used by MySQL.
  To do this, telnet to your server and go to the MySQL bin directory. In this directory there should be a file named mysqladmin. Type `./mysqladmin variables`, and this should give you a bunch of info about your MySQL server, including the socket (/tmp/mysql.sock, for example).
- Then, you need to tell PHP to use this socket.
  Assuming you are using PHP 3.0.10 or better, you can specify the socket to use when you open the connection. To do this in phpMyAdmin, you need to complete the socket information in the config.inc.php3.
  For example: `$cfgServers[n]['socket'] = '/tmp/mysql.sock';`

Have also a look at the corresponding section of the MySQL documentation.

Nothing is displayed by my browser when I try to run phpMyAdmin, what can I do?
Try to set the `$cfgOBGZip` directive to `FALSE` in the phpMyAdmin configuration file. It helps sometime.
Also have a look at your php version number: if it contains "4.0b..." it means you're running a beta version of PHP. That's not a so good idea, please upgrade to a plain revision.

Each time I want to insert or change a record or drop a database or a table, an error 404 (page not found) is displayed or, with http or cookie authentication, I'm asked to login again. What's wrong?
Check the value you set for the `$cfgPmaAbsoluteUri` directive in the phpMyAdmin configuration file.

### [Known limitations]

When using http authentication, an user who logged out can not relog in with the same nick.
This is related to the authentication mechanism (protocol) used by phpMyAdmin. We plan to change it as soon as we may find enough free time to do it, but you can bypass this problem: just close all the opened browser windows and then go back to phpMyAdmin. You should be able to logs in again.

### [ISPs]

I'm an ISP. Can I setup one central copy of phpMyAdmin or do I need to install it for each customer?
Since version 2.0.3, you can setup a central copy of phpMyAdmin for all your users. The development of this feature was kindly sponsored by NetCologne GmbH. This requires a properly setup MySQL user management and phpMyAdmin http authentication. See the install section on "Using http authentication".

What's the preferred way of making phpMyAdmin secure against evil access?
This depends on your system.
If you're running a server which cannot be accessed by other people, it's sufficient to use the directory protection bundled with your webserver (with Apache you can use .htaccess files, for example).
If other people have telnet access to your server, you should use phpMyAdmin's http authentication feature.
Suggestions:

- Your config.inc.php3 file should be `chmod 660`.
- All your phpMyAdmin files should be chown phpmy.apache, where phpmy is a user whose password is only known to you, and apache is the group under which Apache runs.
- You should use PHP safe mode, to protect from other users that try to include your config.inc.php3 in their scripts.

I get errors about not being able to include a file in /lang
Check php.ini, or ask your sysadmin to check it. The `include_path` must contain "." somewhere in it, and `open_basedir`, if used, must contain "." and "./lang" to allow normal operation of phpMyAdmin.

phpMyAdmin always gives "Access denied" when using http authentication.
This could happen for several reasons:

- `$cfgServers[n]['stduser']` and/or `$cfgServers[n]['stdpass']` are wrong.
- The username/password you specify in the login-dialog are invalid.
- You have already setup a security mechanism for the phpMyAdmin-directory, eg. a .htaccess file. This would interfere with phpMyAdmin's authentication, so remove it.

### [Browsers or client OS]

I get an out of memory error, and my controls are non-functional, when trying to create a table with more than 14 fields.
We could reproduce this problem only under Win98/98SE. Testing under WinNT4 or Win2K, we could easily create more than 60 fields.
A workaround is to create a smaller number of fields, then come back to your table properties and add the other fields.

With Xitami 2.5b4, phpMyAdmin won't process form fields.
This is not a phpMyAdmin problem but a Xitami known bug: you'll face it with each script/website that use forms.
Upgrade or downgrade your Xitami server.

I have problems dumping tables with Konqueror (phpMyAdmin 2.2.2)
With Konqueror 2.1.1: plain dumps, zip and gzip dumps work ok, except that the proposed file name for the dump is always 'tbl_dump.php'. Bzip2 dumps don't seem to work.
With Konqueror 2.2.1: plain dumps work; zip dumps are placed into the user's temporary directory, so they must be moved before closing Konqueror, or else they disappear. Gzip dumps give an error message.
Testing needs to be done for Konqueror 2.2.2.

I refresh (reload) my browser, and come back to the welcome page.
Some browsers support right-clicking into the frame you want to refresh, just do this in the right frame.

### [Using phpMyAdmin]

I can't insert new rows into a table - MySQL brings up a SQL-error.
Examine the SQL error with care. I've found that many programmers specifying a wrong field-type.
Common errors include:

- Using `VARCHAR` without a size argument
- Using `TEXT or` BLOB with a size argument

Also, look at the syntax chapter in the MySQL manual to confirm that your syntax is correct.

When I create a table, I click the Index checkbox for 2 fields and phpMyAdmin generates only one index with those 2 fields.
In phpMyAdmin 2.2.0 and 2.2.1, this is the way to create a multi-fields index. If you want two indexes, create the first one when creating the table, save, then display the table properties and click the Index link to create the other index.

How can I insert a null value into my table?
Since version 2.2.3, you have a checkbox for each field that can be null. Before 2.2.3, you had to enter "null", without the quotes, as the field's value.

### [phpMyAdmin project]

I have found a bug. How do I inform developers?
Our Bug Tracker is located at http://sourceforge.net/projects/phpmyadmin/ under the Bugs section.
But please first discuss your bug with other users:
http://sourceforge.net/projects/phpmyadmin/ (and choose Forums)
http://www.phpwizard.net/projects/phpMyAdmin/ (and choose Support Forum)

I want to translate the messages to a new language or upgrade an existing language, where do I start?
Always use the current cvs version of your language file. For a new language, start from english.inc.php3. If you don't know how to get the cvs version, please ask one of the developers. It would be a good idea to subscribe to the phpmyadmin-translators discussion list, because this is where we ask for translations of new messages. You can then send your translations to the sourceforge.net translation tracker.

I would like to help out with the development of phpMyAdmin. How should I proceed?
The following method is preferred for new developers:

- fetch the current CVS tree over anonymous CVS:
  `cvs -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.phpmyadmin.sourceforge.net:/cvsroot/phpmyadmin login`
  [Password: simply press the Enter key]
  `cvs -z3 -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.phpmyadmin.sourceforge.net:/cvsroot/phpmyadmin checkout phpMyAdmin`
  [This will create a new sub-directory named phpMyAdmin]
- add your stuff
- put the modified files (tar'ed and gzip'ed) inside the patch tracker of the phpMyAdmin SourceForge account.

Write access to the CVS tree is granted only to experienced developers who have already contributed something useful to phpMyAdmin.
Also, have a look at the Developers section.

Top - Requirements - Introduction - Installation - Configuration - FAQ - Developers - Credits

## Developers Information

phpMyAdmin is Open Source, so you're invited to contribute to it. Many great features have been written by other people and you too can help to make phpMyAdmin a useful tool.

If you're planning to contribute source, please read the following information:

- All files include header.inc.php3 (layout), libraries/common.lib.php3 (common functions) and config.inc.php3.
  All configuration data belongs in config.inc.php3. Please keep it free from other code.
  Commonly used functions should be added to libraries/lib.inc.php3 and more specific ones may be added within a library stored into the libraries sub-directory.
- Obviously, you're free to use whatever coding style you want. But please try to keep your code as simple as possible: beginners are using phpMyAdmin as an example application.
  By the way, we're currently updating all the scripts so they will be XHTML1.0 and CSS2 compliant on one hand, they will fit PEAR coding standards on the other hand. Please pay attention to this.
- Please try to keep up the file-naming conventions. Table-related stuff goes to tbl_*.php3, db-related code to db_*.php3 and so on.
- Please don't use verbose strings in your code, instead add the string (at least) to english.inc.php3 and print() it out.
- If you want to be really helpful, write an entry for the ChangeLog.

IMPORTANT: With 1.4.1, development has switched to CVS. The following method is preferred for new developers:

- fetch the current CVS tree over anonymous CVS:
  `cvs -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.phpmyadmin.sourceforge.net:/cvsroot/phpmyadmin login`
  [Password: simply press the Enter key]
  `cvs -z3 -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.phpmyadmin.sourceforge.net:/cvsroot/phpmyadmin checkout phpMyAdmin`
  [This will create a new sub-directory named phpMyAdmin]
- add your stuff
- put the modified files (tar'ed and gzip'ed) inside the patch tracker of the phpMyAdmin SourceForge account (http://sourceforge.net/projects/phpmyadmin/)

Write access to the CVS tree is granted only to developers who have already contributed something useful to phpMyAdmin. If you're interested in that, please contact us using the phpmyadmin-devel mailing list.

Top - Requirements - Introduction - Installation - Configuration - FAQ - Developers - Credits

## Credits

    phpMyAdmin - Credits
    ====================

    CREDITS, in chronological order
    -------------------------------

    [tr] - Tobias Ratschiller <tobias_at_phpwizard.net>
    	* creator of the phpmyadmin project
    	* maintainer from 1998 to summer 2000

    [md] - Marc Delisle <DelislMa_at_CollegeSherbrooke.qc.ca>
    	* multi-language version
    	* various fixes and improvements

    [om] - Olivier Müller <om_at_omnis.ch>
    	* started SourceForge phpMyAdmin project in March 2001
    	* sync'ed different existing CVS trees with new features and bugfixes
    	* multi-language improvements, dynamic language selection
    	* current project maintainer, with Marc and Loic

    [lc] - Loïc Chapeaux <lolo_at_phpheaven.net>
    	* rewrote and optimized javascript, DHTML and DOM stuff
    	* started to rewrite the scripts so they fit the PEAR coding standards
    	  and generate XHTML1.0 and CSS2 compliant codes
    	* improved the language detection system
    	* many bugfixes and improvements

    [rj] - Robin Johnson <robbat2_at_users.sourceforge.net>
    	* database maintence controls
    	* table type code

    [af] - Armel Fauveau <armel.fauveau_at_globalis-ms.com>
    	* bookmarks feature
    	* multiple dump feature
    	* gzip dump feature
    	* zip dump feature

    [gl] - Geert Lund <glund_at_silversoft.dk>
    	* various fixes
    	* moderator of the phpMyAdmin users forum at phpwizard.net

    [kc] - Korakot Chaovavanich <korakot_at_iname.com>
    	* "insert as new row" feature

    [pk] - Pete Kelly <webmaster_at_trafficg.com>
    	* rewrote and fix dump code
    	* bugfixes

    [sa] - Steve Alberty <alberty_at_neptunlabs.de>
    	* rewrote dump code for PHP4
    	* mySQL table statistics
    	* bugfixes

    [bg] - Benjamin Gandon <gandon_at_isia.cma.fr>
    	* main author of the version 2.1.0.1
    	* bugfixes

    Thanks to those guy who send us some major improvements to merge into the
    code since version 2.1.0:
    - Michal Cihar  who implemented the enhanced
      index creation/display feature.
    - Christophe Gesché from the "MySQL Form Generator for PHPMyAdmin"
      (http://sourceforge.net/projects/phpmysqlformgen/) who suggested the patch
      for multiple table printviews.
    - Garvin Hicking  who builds the patch for vertical
      display of table rows.
    - Piotr Roszatycki  and Dan Wilson, for the
      Cookie authentication mode.

    And also to the following people who have contributed minor changes,
    enhancements, bugfixes or support for a new language since version 2.1.0:
    Bora Alioglu, Ricardo ?, Sven-Erik Andersen, Alessandro Astarita, Borges Botelho,
    Olivier Bussier, Neil Darlow, Kristof Hamann, Thomas Kläger, Lubos Klokner,
    Martin Marconcini, Girish Nair, David Nordenberg, Bernard M. Piller,
    Laurent Haas, "Sakamoto", www.securereality.com.au,
    Michael Tacelosky, Daniel Villanueva, Vinay, Ignacio Vazquez-Abrams,
    Chee Wai, Jakub Wilk, Thomas Michael Winningham.

    Original Credits of Version 2.1.0
    ---------------------------------

        This work is based on Peter Kuppelwieser's MySQL-Webadmin. It was his idea
        to create a web-based interface to MySQL using PHP3. Although I have not
        used any of his source-code, there are some concepts I've borrowed from
        him. phpMyAdmin was created because Peter told me he wasn't going to
        further develop his (great) tool.
        Thanks go to
        - Amalesh Kempf <ak-lsml_at_living-source.com> who contributed the
          code for the check when dropping a table or database. He also suggested
          that you should be able to specify the primary key on tbl_create.php3. To
          version 1.1.1 he contributed the ldi_*.php3-set (Import text-files) as
          well as a bug-report. Plus many smaller improvements.
        - Jan Legenhausen <jan_at_nrw.net>: He made many of the changes that
          were introduced in 1.3.0 (including quite significant ones like the
          authentication). For 1.4.1 he enhanced the table-dump feature. Plus
          bug-fixes and help.
        - Marc Delisle <DelislMa_at_CollegeSherbrooke.qc.ca> made phpMyAdmin
          language-independent by outsourcing the strings to a separate file. He
          also contributed the French translation.
        - Alexandr Bravo <abravo_at_hq.admiral.ru> who contributed
          tbl_select.php3, a feature to display only some fields from a table.
        - Chris Jackson <chrisj_at_ctel.net> added support for MySQL
          functions in tbl_change.php3. He also added the
          "Query by Example" feature in 2.0.
        - Dave Walton <walton_at_nordicdms.com> added support for multiple
          servers and is a regular contributor for bug-fixes.
        - Gabriel Ash <ga244_at_is8.nyu.edu> contributed the random access
          features for 2.0.6.
        The following people have contributed minor changes, enhancements, bugfixes
        or support for a new language:
        Jim Kraai, Jordi Bruguera, Miquel Obrador, Geert Lund, Thomas Kleemann,
        Alexander Leidinger, Kiko Albiol, Daniel C. Chao, Pavel Piankov,
        Sascha Kettler, Joe Pruett, Renato Lins, Mark Kronsbein, Jannis Hermanns,
        G. Wieggers.

        And thanks to everyone else who sent me email with suggestions, bug-reports
        and or just some feedback.

Top - Requirements - Introduction - Installation - Configuration - FAQ - Developers - Credits